Certified Wound Care Nurse (CWCN) Practice Exam 2025 – Complete Prep Resource

In chronic venous disease, the primary physiological change is impeded venous flow. This condition arises due to a variety of factors such as venous valve incompetence and structural changes in venous vessels, leading to the abnormally high pressure within the venous system. As a result, blood does not flow effectively back towards the heart, causing congestion in the lower extremities. This inadequate blood flow can result in symptoms such as swelling, pain, and can contribute to skin changes and ulcers.

The other options reflect processes that are not characteristic of chronic venous disease. Increased venous return would typically indicate improved circulation, while decreased hydrostatic pressure suggests a reduction in fluid volume or improved vascular function. Improved tissue perfusion is often associated with healthy blood circulation, which does not align with the dysfunctional situation found in chronic venous disease.